■ Block 01 / research
Research
Foundations other work depends on. Each entry explains what it is, why it is load-bearing, its open problems, and a reviewed timeline of progress.
Foundations other work depends on. Each entry explains what it is, why it is load-bearing, its open problems, and a reviewed timeline of progress.
Public-key encryption, signatures and homomorphic encryption whose security rests on Learning With Errors, the basis of the NIST post-quantum standards ML-KEM and ML-DSA.
The fastest known classical algorithm for factoring large integers, implemented in CADO-NFS; public RSA challenge factorisations measure its real cost and set RSA key-size policy.
The NIST post-quantum key encapsulation standard FIPS 203, with the CRYSTALS-Kyber reference code and mlkem-native, a C implementation with machine-checked memory-safety and assembly proofs.